Caminhos para o nascimento humanizado: tecnologias leves, protagonismo materno e redução de intervenções

Abstract

Contemporary obstetric care is caught between the technocratic model and the urgent need for a humanized approach. This study, through an integrative review of the literature, analyzed care practices that favor female protagonism, the use of light technologies, and the reduction of unnecessary interventions in the birthing process. The final sample included nine studies published between 2020 and 2025, mostly qualitative, whose findings converge on the valorization of the obstetric nurse as a central agent in the humanization of childbirth. It was evident that the continuous presence of this professional favors qualified listening, emotional support, and the adoption of non-pharmacological methods for pain relief, such as music therapy, aromatherapy, and relaxation techniques. Such strategies promote comfort, safety, and autonomy, enhancing the birth experience. On the other hand, structural barriers such as work overload, scarcity of resources, and institutional resistance to paradigm change limit the full application of these practices. This research shows that investing in the humanistic and technical training of teams and promoting institutional policies aligned with comprehensive care are ethical and health imperatives for the transformation of the current care model.